This work is devoted to the description of acoustic non-destructive testing of objects. It includes a breakdown of NDT types and an analysis of their positive and negative aspects. This work also examines the situations under which one or another NDT method would be effective. Particular attention is paid to the classification of acoustic processes used in testing. The study examines both active and passive methods, highlighting their applications in various industries. In addition, the role of vibration and acoustic emission monitoring in defect detection is discussed. The advantages and limitations of these methods are compared to ensure optimal use. Finally, recommendations are provided for selecting the most suitable NDT approach based on specific operating conditions.