Неортодоксальные течения древнеиндийской философии

Abstract

Philosophy is defined as the science of the most general laws of the nature development, human society, and thinking. Philosophy is an integral part of Western culture, but it developed everywhere, including the East, in particular in India. In Indian philosophy, there are 2 directions: orthodox (everything is determined by God) and unorthodox (everything is determined by a human). Among the unorthodox movements, Jainism, Buddhism, and Lokayata deserve special attention. Jainism seeks ways to free the soul from passions, Buddhism – liberation from suffering, Lokayata aims to minimize suffering, since it is impossible to eliminate them and to maximize pleasure.