Comparative analysis of arduino, stm32 and esp32 platforms for autonomous sensor systems

Abstract

this paper presents a comparative analysis of Arduino, STM32, and ESP32 microcontroller platforms for use in autonomous sensor systems. The study focuses on architectural features, computational capabilities, power consumption, and suitability for long-term autonomous operation. An experimental evaluation of current consumption in typical operating modes, including active processing, idle state, and deep sleep, is performed under identical conditions. The results demonstrate significant differences between the platforms in terms of energy efficiency and system scalability. Based on the obtained data, practical recommendations for selecting an appropriate platform depending on the application requirements are proposed.