Investigation of atmospheric and weather impacts on mmwave signal propagation

Abstract

This paper examines how weather conditions – rain, fog, and wind – affect the quality and reliability of millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio signals. Because of their short wavelength and high atmospheric absorption, these signals are highly sensitive to environmental factors, leading to attenuation, scattering, and fluctuations in received power. The study analyzes the mechanisms of signal degradation and compares different weather scenarios using propagation models and measurement data. The results emphasize the importance of adaptive modulation and weather-aware planning for stable mmWave communication, particularly in 5G/6G networks and short-range wireless systems