Digital Twins and Cyber-Physical Systems as the Foundation for the Transformation of Civil Defense in the Context of Industry 5.0

Abstract

This paper examines the use of digital twins and cyber-physical systems as the technological foundation for the transformation of civil protection in the context of Industry 5.0. A structural representation of a city digital twin is proposed to enable the integration of sensor data, infrastructure monitoring, emergency prediction, risk assessment, and real-time decision support. The proposed approach combines physical infrastructure, digital models, artificial intelligence, and cloud-edge computing technologies into a unified cyber-physical environment that enhances operational awareness, improves emergency response efficiency, strengthens the resilience of critical infrastructure, and increases the effectiveness of civil protection coordination.